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A Study of The Chinese Government's Approach in Preventing Female Employment Discrimination in The Context of The Comprehensive Three-Child Policy
Huang, Zhaoming ; Jusić, Mirna (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
To ease the aging process of the population and change the situation that the fertility rate continues to decline, the Chinese government will adjust the two-child policy to the three-child policy in 2021. The implementation of the three-child policy can indeed release part of the reproductive potential, but childbirth will increase the employment cost of enterprises, which will lead to employment discrimination against women. My thesis is based on the comprehensive three-child policy. The main research problem is the Chinese government's handling of female employment discrimination and putting forward reasonable countermeasures to provide strong support for the Chinese government to deal with female employment discrimination. First of all, through the existing data, we can understand the current employment situation of women in China, and compare the employment situation of women with the employment situation of men. It mainly includes four aspects: high employment threshold, unequal pay for equal work, difficult promotion, and reduced maternity security. The reasons for the current employment discrimination of Chinese women are explained through Becker's model of individual discrimination. When the preference for discrimination is greater than the cost of discrimination, discriminatory behavior...
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Family Policy in Sweden
Pirklová, Tereza ; Munková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
Family Policy in Sweden Key words: family policy, gender equality, women's employment The aim of this master's degree thesis is to analyze family policy in Sweden, which has become main tool for promoting gender equaility policy. Through family policy Sweden make and effort to achieve equality between women and men in society, particulary by men's greater sharing of responsibility for children and houshold. After the introduction which summarizes the objectives of the thesis, there is the first chapter defining the concept of family policy. This chapter explains the difference between family law and family policy, describes the various models of states family policies and instruments which set targets are met. The second chapter deals with some demographic statistics, which are for the purpose of thesis essential to keep in mind and which are decisive for the current conception of family policy. Another chapter describes the institutional structure of family policy in Sweden in the context of their political system. I name appropriate authorities who deal with the question of families, children and gender equality. The fourth chapter focuses on the historical development of family policy, which is essential for understanding the current system of promoting gender equality through roles in the...
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The effect of female fertility on their employment in the United States between 1987 and 2003
Retter, Maria ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The effect of female fertility on their employment in the United States between 1987 and 2003 Abstract The master thesis is focused on discovering the relationship between female fertility levels and women's employment in the US based on data from longitudinal surveys, which happened in three waves in 1987-1988, 1992-1994 and 2001-2003, in regards to the demographic trends since the second half of the 20th century. The aim is to examine the existence of a relationship between female fertility and their employment depending on the number of children in the household, their education level, marital status and age. The method of binary and multinomial multiple logistic regression is applied. The result of the analysis is that the women's odds ratio of being employed is statistically significantly affected by the number of children, the age of children present in the household and the level of education in the first and second wave of the survey data set. The women's odds ratio of being employed is also influenced by the women's marital status and age. Another finding is that the women's odds ratio of staying, coming or finding a new job is also affected by the number of new children in the household, the level of education and age. Keywords: Demographic trends, fertility, women's employment, USA, logistic...
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Why are women becoming more entrepreneurial than man? Case Study: Czech Republic
Halenka, Kateřina ; Kuchař, Pavel (advisor) ; Koendjbiharie, Sarita (referee)
Self-employment has been considered an important part of recovering and growing economy as well as an area of interest of current governing bodies on national and supranational level. Therefore, this study aims to provide deeper understanding, what influences self-employment and how does such influence differ between men and women. Purpose of the study is threefold. First, to synthesize a model of influential factors based on current academic debate. Second, to analyze the case of the Czech Republic (exceptional in higher self-employment growth rates for women than men) to understand whether gender difference phenomenon is universal or only limited to time/space/industry. And third, to analyze what are factors driving self-employment. To answer the question How does influence of factors on self-employment differ between genders? correlation research design is introduced to examine relationships between micro- and macro-environment factors (explanatory variable) and gender specific self-employment rate (response variable). To analyze these relationships, secondary data collected from online open source platforms of national and supranational public institutions are utilized. Firstly, comparability analysis is conducted between male and female (self-)employment development in Czechia. Secondly,...
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Family Policy in Sweden
Pirklová, Tereza ; Munková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
Family Policy in Sweden Key words: family policy, gender equality, women's employment The aim of this master's degree thesis is to analyze family policy in Sweden, which has become main tool for promoting gender equaility policy. Through family policy Sweden make and effort to achieve equality between women and men in society, particulary by men's greater sharing of responsibility for children and houshold. After the introduction which summarizes the objectives of the thesis, there is the first chapter defining the concept of family policy. This chapter explains the difference between family law and family policy, describes the various models of states family policies and instruments which set targets are met. The second chapter deals with some demographic statistics, which are for the purpose of thesis essential to keep in mind and which are decisive for the current conception of family policy. Another chapter describes the institutional structure of family policy in Sweden in the context of their political system. I name appropriate authorities who deal with the question of families, children and gender equality. The fourth chapter focuses on the historical development of family policy, which is essential for understanding the current system of promoting gender equality through roles in the...
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Female employment evolution in the Czech Republic and Germany in years 1993 - 2015
Kolevska, Zoja ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with employment of women. Comparison of employment development in the Czech Republic and the FRG in the years 1993 to 2015 enables consultation and understanding this complex topic and its specific features on the observed territory. The thesis also analyzes related topics, e.g. changes of parental allowance in the Czech Republic, Elternsgeld and Elternszeit in the FRG, reconciling work and family life in the context of part-time contracts etc. The last part of the thesis compares findings and their substantiation based on the EUROSTAT data. The impact of former long-term belonging to the Eastern Bloc was confirmed during the writing of this thesis as still observable within employment of women.
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The impact of family policy on labour market efficiency
Schneider, Jan ; Filipová, Alena (advisor) ; Marksová, Michaela (referee)
The thesis called "The impact of family policy on labour market efficiency" deals with the relation between family policy and the labour market, specifically with the economic gender inequality and the impact of parenthood on the economic status of families. While analyzing this relation it describes the historical development and the current situation of the labour market in the Czech Republic, with specific attention dedicated to the position of women and the possibilities of harmonizing work and motherhood. The situation in the Czech Republic is not only compared to the Visegrad countries and Germany, but general trends in other EU and OECD countries as well. The thesis clarifies the development of family policy in the Czech Republic and describes the current family-specific policy measures. It looks closely at the area of childcare services, which has strong impact on the position of parents, specifically mothers, in the labour market. In the last part of the thesis, the author evaluates the currently proposed and discussed family policy changes based on the acquired information, and analyses them as far as their impact and relation to the labour market are concerned. The author then provides additional suggestions stemming from both the acquired information and his own experience.
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